Environmental issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ecological issues - Essay Example There are numerous hidden reasons for the raise in the substance squanders which has prompted the quest for strategies to arrange this waste. The populace around the world has expanded at disturbing levels and with expanded number of individuals; the measure of the creation of substance squanders has likewise expanded. Another imperative explanation behind this expansion in the synthetic squanders is the development of the individuals to urban regions and with expanded urbanization there has been expanded waste creation. The businesses over the globe have likewise expanded and with more noteworthy creation in the enterprises, more prominent measure of waste is produced. New innovations have prompted the creation of considerably progressively harmful substances. This incorporates atomic force which prompts the creation of poisonous waste items and their removal prompts the creation of perilous substances for the earth. Compound squanders are produced from coal mineshafts just as medic al clinics and examination associations (Geophysics Research Forum 1984; Murray et al 1982). There have been many proposed answers for the subject of compound waste. A generally excellent technique was introduced by the Geophysics Study Committee which was profound internment.

Economic Analysis of Burberry Essay Example

Financial Analysis of Burberry Paper 1. 0 Introduction There are apparatuses and methods that can support proprietors and administrators decide. Anyway these choices depend on absolutely estimations where the expenses and benefits will go to a breakeven point. The basic breakeven investigation is Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis. This examination shows that how the expense and benefit changes when the volume change. It investigations the consequences for benefits of changes in factor costs, fixed costs, selling costs, volume, and the items sold. In any case, there was a drawback for this examination which it just spotlights on the breakeven point. In this paper, I principally investigations Burberry’s execution and portraying a portion of the companies’ foundation. Other than that, I likewise did some exploration on the structure and the intensity of the extravagance design industry. Burberry had assembled their situation in the market since 1856. Burberry Group is a British extravagance design house, fabricating dress and style embellishments. Its particular plaid design has gotten one of its most broadly replicated trademarks. The organization has marked stores and establishments around the globe, and furthermore sells through concessions in outsider stores. It maintains a list business and has a scent line. 2. 0 Burberry Background The Burberry brand was notable for the bona fide British legacy, special equitable situating inside the extravagance field. They are the biggest retailer in United Kingdom. Their establishing standards are quality, capacity and present day great style. The channel coat, trademark check and Prosum horse logo are their internationally perceived symbol portfolio. By year 2000, Burberry worked 58 organization claimed stores. 2. 1 History 154 years prior, a 21 years of age draper’s understudy, Thomas Burberry, opened a little outfitter’s shop in Basingstoke Hampshire, England. We will compose a custom exposition test on Economic Analysis of Burberry explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on Economic Analysis of Burberry explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on Economic Analysis of Burberry explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer By year 1870, Burberry concentrated on the quality and development in texture and outwear structure which extended the shop into a ‘emporium’. Ten years from that point onward, they developed Gabardine. Gabardine is a breathable, weatherproof and ‘tearproof’ texture. In 1891, Thomas Burberry Sons extended their emporium in the West End of London at 30 Haymarket. They built up an antecedent of the channel coat, Tielocken, which was received by British officials during the Boer War in 1895. In 1904, the Burberry Equestrian Knight Logo was created containing the Latin word â€Å"Prosum† importance advances and enrolled as a trademark. Burberry was then authorized by the War Office to adjust its officer’s coat, to suit the states of British contemporary fighting, bringing about the present day â€Å"trench coat†. During the 1920s, they added a covering to the channel coat, The Burberry Check, which was enlisted as a trademark of Burberry. In 1955, Burberry was granted a Royal Warrant by Her highness Queen Elizabeth II and the subsequent Royal Warrant in 1989. With these notoriety manufactured, they turned into a universal notable extravagance brand. 2. 2 Products Burberry has different sorts of items. All items are to do with design. The items they give can be seen at the pyramid demonstrated as follows. Burberry brand uniqueness is the licensed Burberry Check. It is a consolidated red, highly contrasting check design. It was made in 1924 and was utilized as covering for the channel coats. It was then utilized for other product including totes, umbrellas, and scarves. Other than the Burberry trademark check, their mark symbols additionally incorporates channel coat enlivened D-rings, sewing and the Prosum equestrian knight logo. The Ansoff Matrix Market Penetration Classic Garments for existing objective market (Trench coats, outwear, and so on. )Item Development Burberry Accessories . e. arena caps, satchels, toys, scents, and so forth. Market Development Diffusion extends in mid 1990s for more extensive crowd (Younger Consumers) Diversification N/A 3. 0 Industry 3. 1 Luxury Industry Background Fashion is typically developed from the inventiveness parts of people’s character. This is an industry where ind ividuals can communicate their maximum capacity of their imagination which reflects ones persona. Style industry is excessively founded on each country’s culture which gives the planners intuition and the uniqueness of the design. The United Kingdom (UK) design industry had given an incredible effect on the UK economy. The immediate estimation of the UK style industry to the UK economy is around ? 21 billion which is identical to 1. 7% of the UK GDP. This immediate effect incorporates fabricating, wholesaling and retailing of a scope of design products. Buying from the materials division, publicizing and advertising spending, the financial commitment of the style instruction and design media areas likewise the immediate effect of the UK design industry. One of the fundamental impact is the Value Added Tax (VAT) paid by shopper while buying style things. It comprises of ? 13. 2 billion from the ? 21 billion. With respect to the aberrant and incited effect of the UK style industry is determined as more than ? 16 billion. This effect identifies with the spending in different ventures, running from IT to the travel industry. The all out commitment from the UK design industry is more than ? 37 billion. Sensibly, Burberry has a place with the style business. In any case, hypothetically, Burberrry has a place with a run of the mill customary extravagance industry. Extravagance merchandise are one of only a handful few genuinely â€Å"global† brands that can pick up from worldwide effectiveness in advertising and delivering the item precisely the equivalent in any market that they enter. In UK, this market had developed into a full grown market. It is a market of the changing variables of socioeconomics, buyer and style patterns and the requests of new age. The majority of the attire creation of the players in the business re-appropriate to different nations. 2 of the principle re-appropriates are China and Hong Kong. In any case, UK has a large group of other cost places including Vietnam, Turkey and Bangladesh. 3. 2 Products in the business There are different items in this industry. Infact, this is similar to people’s day by day needs. The accompanying graph characterizes the extravagance division and the items delivered in this industry. These item portions can be isolated in geological sections 3. 3 Industry Structure The opposition in this industry is monopolistic rivalry. There are a great many firms in this industry rivaling one another. Instances of firms are, Louis Vuitton, Hermes, Gucci, Prada and so forth. These are not many of those notable extravagance style brand. The nature their items are separated and they have their own uniqueness which causes them to have the authority over the cost. 3. 3. 1 The Porter’s Five Forces Model This model can clarify this industry in detail. Dangers of New Entrants It is accepted that new contestants won't generally be a danger to the current built up brands. In any case, new originators that start their own image with the right development foundation, they can develop rapidly. For this situation, they can pull in unstable center market clients. In any case, they ordinarily can't pull in the stable HNWI clients. Contending with those very much created organizations they will require high capital for the most recent innovations to keep their merchandise up to quality. Besides, it is hard to evaluate consumers’ tastes which likewise incorporate their different profiles, and representative needs or desires. Little firms don't just structure, assembling, and sell their items, they likewise associate with their clients and methodicallly fragment their business sectors and channels of dissemination. This will give the new contestants the bit of leeway during the procedure of configuration, production and deals. The explanation being is they comprehend their purchasers better and attempt their best to satisfy their requirements. With respect to huge firm, they will experience difficulty understanding their purchasers in light of the chain of importance in the firm. Haggling intensity of Suppliers The dealing intensity of providers supposable to be low since this market has not arrive at their consistency. It is not quite the same as the normal brand where buyers have their certainty on those brands. Extravagance brands need to assemble their consumers’ certainty with promoting which will cost them a high spending plan. Dealing intensity of Buyers The haggling intensity of purchasers is high. The organizations need to satisfy their consumers’ needs. On the off chance that the purchaser requires an item yet the store, the store should call up some their branches so as to satisfy the consumers’ needs. Danger of Substitutes There are not a viable alternative for the extravagance design industry except if of not getting it. Extravagance industry as a rule utilize their own marking to draw in their buyers and keep their faithfulness on the brand with their uniqueness. 3. 4 Industry Performance The extravagance business is becoming amazingly well during the time in any event, during monetary stoppage. In year 2009, the extravagance merchandise retailers stand 23% of new store opening. As indicated by a worldwide land consultant, CB Richard Ellis (CBRE), extravagance retailers work in more than 25 nations and 50 urban communities worldwide by and large. Contrasting that and the worldwide top retailers, CB Richard Ellis had mapped 294 world’s top retailers across 69 nations which cause the extravagance retailers to have the biggest worldwide nearness of all retail segments. Hong Kong is the most well known goal for extravagance retailers. They pull in 91% of extravagance brands studied as a feature of the CBRE study. Followed by London (87%), Dubai (85%) and in conclusion in all out eight of the best 15 extravagance Asian urban areas including, Tai

Explore the Major Perspectives in Social Psychology

Explore the Major Perspectives in Social Psychology Theories Social Psychology Print The Major Perspectives in Social Psychology By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on October 10, 2019 Paul Biris / Getty Images More in Theories Social Psychology Behavioral Psychology Cognitive Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology Have you ever wondered why people sometimes act differently when they are in a crowd? Or have you ever wondered how society at large influences your own behavior? Social psychologists look at these sorts of questions, but like many other fields within psychology, they often utilize different perspectives when looking at questions about social behavior. For example, when looking at a problem like aggression, one research might take an evolutionary perspective and look at how biology and genetic inheritance play a role in aggressive behavior. Another social psychologist might approach the same problem from the social learning perspective and try to analyze the various environmental influences that contribute to aggression including family, friends, and popular culture. 4 Major Perspectives Used by Social Psychologists Here are the major perspectives used by social psychologists: Sociocultural Perspective Stresses the importance of social norms and culture.Proposes that children learn behavior through problem-solving interactions with other children and adults. Through these interactions, they learn the values and norms of their society.Social psychologists using this perspective might look at how cultural norms and social influence impact social behavior. When considering something like aggression, for example, a person taking this perspective would look at how people are socialized to behave aggressively in certain situations. Sociocultural Theory: Examples and Applications Evolutionary Perspective Argues that social behaviors developed through genetics and inheritance.Emphasizes the role of biology and gene transmission across generations to explain current behavior.When looking at a social problem such as aggression, a psychologist taking this perspective would consider how genetics and evolutionary influences contributed to the development of the behavior. Social Learning Perspective Stresses the importance of unique experiences in family, school, community, etc.According to this viewpoint, we learn behaviors by observing and mimicking the behavior of others.In our earlier example of aggression, someone taking the social learning perspective would be interested in how people learn aggressive behaviors from parents, peers, and even media influences. Social-Cognitive Perspective Supports an information processing model of social behavior, where we notice, interpret, and judge the behavior of others.New experiences can either be assimilated (using already held beliefs to interpret the event) or accommodated (which involves changing existing beliefs in response to the event.)By understanding how information is processed, we can better understand how patterns of thoughts impact behavior. Social Cognition and the World Around Us Use of Perspectives While some social psychologists tend to have a dominant perspective, many researchers draw on a variety of theories when tackling a question or hypothesis. By understanding all of the many influences that contribute to social behavior, including culture, social learning, genetics, and individual differences, researchers can gain a deeper understanding of the many forces that influence how people think and act in social situations. There are other theoretical perspectives in modern psychology that can be explored.

Explore the Major Perspectives in Social Psychology

Explore the Major Perspectives in Social Psychology Theories Social Psychology Print The Major Perspectives in Social Psychology By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on October 10, 2019 Paul Biris / Getty Images More in Theories Social Psychology Behavioral Psychology Cognitive Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology Have you ever wondered why people sometimes act differently when they are in a crowd? Or have you ever wondered how society at large influences your own behavior? Social psychologists look at these sorts of questions, but like many other fields within psychology, they often utilize different perspectives when looking at questions about social behavior. For example, when looking at a problem like aggression, one research might take an evolutionary perspective and look at how biology and genetic inheritance play a role in aggressive behavior. Another social psychologist might approach the same problem from the social learning perspective and try to analyze the various environmental influences that contribute to aggression including family, friends, and popular culture. 4 Major Perspectives Used by Social Psychologists Here are the major perspectives used by social psychologists: Sociocultural Perspective Stresses the importance of social norms and culture.Proposes that children learn behavior through problem-solving interactions with other children and adults. Through these interactions, they learn the values and norms of their society.Social psychologists using this perspective might look at how cultural norms and social influence impact social behavior. When considering something like aggression, for example, a person taking this perspective would look at how people are socialized to behave aggressively in certain situations. Sociocultural Theory: Examples and Applications Evolutionary Perspective Argues that social behaviors developed through genetics and inheritance.Emphasizes the role of biology and gene transmission across generations to explain current behavior.When looking at a social problem such as aggression, a psychologist taking this perspective would consider how genetics and evolutionary influences contributed to the development of the behavior. Social Learning Perspective Stresses the importance of unique experiences in family, school, community, etc.According to this viewpoint, we learn behaviors by observing and mimicking the behavior of others.In our earlier example of aggression, someone taking the social learning perspective would be interested in how people learn aggressive behaviors from parents, peers, and even media influences. Social-Cognitive Perspective Supports an information processing model of social behavior, where we notice, interpret, and judge the behavior of others.New experiences can either be assimilated (using already held beliefs to interpret the event) or accommodated (which involves changing existing beliefs in response to the event.)By understanding how information is processed, we can better understand how patterns of thoughts impact behavior. Social Cognition and the World Around Us Use of Perspectives While some social psychologists tend to have a dominant perspective, many researchers draw on a variety of theories when tackling a question or hypothesis. By understanding all of the many influences that contribute to social behavior, including culture, social learning, genetics, and individual differences, researchers can gain a deeper understanding of the many forces that influence how people think and act in social situations. There are other theoretical perspectives in modern psychology that can be explored.

Levinsons Theory - 1769 Words

Daniel Levinson’s Life Structure Theory Six Stages of Adult Development The definition of Human Growth and Development is the science of study of growth, stability, and change in a person from conception till death (Santrock, 2010). Throughout the study of psychology and human growth came with different theories on how a person grows physically, cognitively, and psycho-socially. One of the most familiar theories comes from Sigmund Freud, the idea of having a ego, superego, and id, in which the mind had three phases it could go into (Brown, 1948). Most of Freud’s work involved women and repressed memories stating back to ones childhood. Jean Piaget proposed a developmental theory that last from birth well into the adolescent age or how†¦show more content†¦Moving from one season to the next involves going through cross era transitions; the early adulthood transition between the seasons of childhood/adolescence and early adulthood, the mid-life transition between early adulthood and middle adulthood, and the late adulthood transition betwee n middle adulthood and late adulthood.(Levinson, 1986) Within each season of a man’s life, he must make choices such as career or marriage and set goals. During the cross era of the transitions he must re look or appraise these choices and determine what his new goals or direction will be. During early adulthood or the summer of a man’s life, a man is at his physical prime and peek of intelligence. During this period the man establishes his adult identity through the choices of career, marriage and lifestyle choices such as geographic location of residence. (Levinson, 1978) A man leaves early adulthood by going through the middle adulthood transition around the age 40. This transition last five years and represents a period of individuation, a shift in the perceptions of self. During middle adulthood, the autumn of a man’s life, physical prowess begins to fade and other physical changes in appearance occur, such as balding, wrinkles and weight gain. It is during this era that a man comes of age in his career, typically moving into a senior position and out of more physically demanding positions. With these changes he also moves awayShow MoreRelated Rainman Essay977 Words   |  4 Pages Barry Levinson brings us a Raymond, very moving character in the movie Raymond Babbitt. Raymond is a grown man that is Autistic. Raymond may be grown up but he lacks certain sociable skills, making communication very difficult. He has a hard time understanding and answer questions. Because of Raymond’s handicap he is unable to progress into a new person. Raymond’s limitations give the movie boundaries. Levinson uses the idea of not allowing this character to change to affect the other charactersRead MoreA Psychological Interview Analysis Of Levinson s Life Structure Approach And Erikson s Theory Of Human Development Essay944 Words   |  4 PagesApproach and Erikson’s Theory of Human Development Approach This psychological interview analysis will compare and summarize the theoretical applications of Erikson’s Theory of Human Development and Levinson’s Life Structure Approach. The subject of the interview, Charlotte McBeth, will express the challenges that arise in the stable and transitional periods of life in a Scottish family, which she expresses in the various aspects of instability and transitional periods that Levinson defines. The deathRead MoreReflection Paper On Developmental Theories1283 Words   |  6 PagesReflection Paper on Developmental Theories First of all, through this assignment, I have learned that it is necessary to apply the knowledge of human behavior and the social environment to each case presented. Adults build life structures or patterns of living that are altered during their life cycles. They claim that each relationship an individual occupies cause some conflicts and balances that exist between the stages. It pushes a person to question their life structure and questions whereRead MoreDavid Levinson: Seasons of a Mans Life3107 Words   |  13 PagesDavid Levinson: Seasons of A Mans Life Introduction Background In May of 1977, Daniel Levinson constructed a model of the seasons of a mans life. His developmental theory consists of universal stages or phases that extends from the infancy state to the elderly state. Most development theories, such as Freuds psychosexual development theory or Piagets cognitive development theory, end in the adolescent stage of life. Levinsons stage theory is important because it goes beyond mostRead MoreThe Problem Of Face Theory1627 Words   |  7 PagesFace theory, developed originally by Goffman (1969), is defined as how we view ourselves through the interpretation of others in interaction. A key part of his theory suggests that, in avoiding potential threats to face, defensive (for the self) and protective (for others) measures are employed. Brown and Levinson (1987) expand on this theory. They suggest an individual has a positive and negative face, reflecting our feeling of self-worth and the desire for our thoughts and actions to be unimpededRead MorePoliteness and Pragmatics in the Context of Cross-Cultural Communication1160 Words   |  5 Pagesappropriated in ways that are largely misunderstood within the context of other cultures. It is for this reason that scholars such as Brown and Levinson have derived theories on politeness and its use within global society, however the seemingly non-existent universal definiti on of politeness can also be responsible for the criticisms that these theories receive. When discussing the notion of politeness, the study of cross-cultural pragmatics as represented by Thomas, Tannen and Wierzbicka provideRead MoreA Research Study On The Semantics Of Face And The Harlequin / Al Bhlwan /1671 Words   |  7 Pagesimportant theories in the pragmatics field, which is the Politeness theory. This theory is proposed by Penelope Brown and Stephen C.Levinson (1978) and it is based on the notion of face by Goffman (1967). This paper applies this theory to two plays, which are The Misanthrope by Moliere and The Harlequin /Al-Bhlwan/ by Yusuf Idris. In both plays, through the main characters, the authors point out the hypocrisy in the society they each belong to. This study explains the politeness theory throughRead MoreDefinition Of The Politeness Theory704 Words   |  3 Pages1.4. Theoretical Framework 1.4.1. Definition of the politeness theory. Watts (2003) explains, â€Å"Politeness is not something we are born with, but something we have to learn and be socialized into† (p. 9). Each linguist defines politeness in a different way. Cobley (2010) says that politeness is a way of showing consideration and social position in language. Politeness includes words that show respect such as please . He indicates, â€Å"The phenomenon has been the object of the considerableRead MorePoliteness Theory and Its Application in Arabic1840 Words   |  8 Pagesexpressions to do so, depending on the relationship with the addressee. This research will explain Browns and Levinson’s politeness theory and will recognize how universal this theory is and weather it can be applied on Japanese language taking into account the difference in cultures. Brown and Levinson’s theory of Politeness and how it applies in Arabic: Brown and Levinson`s theory is mainly based on three principle notions: face, face threatening act (FTA), and politeness strategies (Bowe amp; MartinRead MoreCulture, no doubt one of the most complex words of the English language, for years, scholars1900 Words   |  8 PagesPoliteness theory, their applicability to different intercultural contexts, challenging assumptions, evaluating its usefulness, thus giving audiences a clearer picture of what the theory entails and how it could be applied appropriately in intercultural contexts. This essay will start by identifying the factors involved in intercultural communications followed by the useful strategies one can use to soften any damage that might have or will have occurred, namely Brown and Levinson’s Politeness Theory, and

Career Choice For Becoming A Finance Manager - 1505 Words

Career Choice: Aspiring to Become a Finance Manager Introduction Choosing a long term career is an essential life decision. Therefore, I have concluded that my five-year objective consists of obtaining my degree as well as pursuing a career in Management within the Finance industry. With 15 years of finance experience achieved it makes considerable sense to continue my pursuit within this industry. This provides a significant amount of available career options. Career options include management of a small department within Finance such as Payables, Receivables, or Tax. Additionally, managing on an executive level is composed of positions such as Company Controller, Director of Finance, as well as Chief Financial Officer. Finance managers act as the responsible party for the financial health of an organization. As a Finance Manager, it is a requirement to develop as well as motivate staff. Financial managers require an in-depth working knowledge of the entire financial industry. The Finance manager plays a crucial role in how t he organization functions collectively. I will benefit from the information in this thesis by using it to encourage me in making an appropriate career choice for my future. The role of a Finance Manager A Finance Manager acts as an individual who is responsible for the financial health of an organization. Conceivably, there are various positions to consider when describing the role of a Finance Manager. These positions include suchShow MoreRelatedWhy Should You Choose Accountancy1408 Words   |  6 PagesCAREER GUIDANCE: ACCOUNTANCY By: CARLITO G. GABRIEL, JR., CPA [Seven years ago, I was then a part of a career guidance like this. During that time I was not yet sure of what course to pursue in college. The career guidance was a great help in my decision to pursue BS – Accountancy. Maybe, most of you are not decided yet. Believe me this career guidance will help you. Let us thank Sir Edgar for this great opportunity. [Before we proceed, how many of you are planning to pursue accountancy?] MentionRead MoreWho Is A Fraud Risk Analyst For Best Western International1297 Words   |  6 Pagestestimony to identify and analyze fraudulent activity and trends to help lower one of the largest hotel chains fraud risk. Even though, my positon normally requires the individual to have a Bachelor’s degree in the Hospitality Industry, Accounting, Finance, Administration or a similar field, my experience within the company and analytical abilities have proven to be exceptional to override the candidates requirement. My determination to seeing things through with an investigative mind and my abilityRead MoreMarketing Manager Vs. Internal Auditor1688 Words   |  7 PagesMarketing Manager VS Internal Auditor I’m currently working as a Fraud Risk Analyst for Best Western International, where I use evidence, statements and testimony to identify and analyze fraudulent activity and trends to help lower one of today’s largest hotel chain’s fraud risk. Even though, my position normally requires the individual to have a Bachelor’s degree in the Hospitality Industry, Accounting, Finance, Administration or a similar field, my experience within the company and analyticalRead MoreApplication For The Msc Finance At London School Of Economics1362 Words   |  6 Pagesto apply for the MSc Finance at London School of Economics arose after a judicious process where I questioned my career aspirations. The strong interest in financial markets and its dynamics has matured during my undergraduate studies and my internship at MOMentum Alternative Investments SA, a Swiss Investment Manager. I would love to start my career as a sell-side analyst, a first step I see in the natural evolution to reach my aspiration to eventually be a portfolio manager. A deep and preciseRead MoreWhy I Chose the Munich Business School738 Words   |  3 Pagescontributing originally to the ongoing work at the university. By working under the guidance of prominent faculty, I shall undoubtedly be able to exploit my potential to the fullest. Studying international business is an opportunity to explore the world of finances, taking it further than a local interest. Studying international business will supply me with insights into the global economic and business climates. International business would furnish me the opportunity to increase my understanding of globalRead MoreShould Attending An Online University Be A Medical And Health Service Manager?1487 Words   |  6 Pagesbecome a Medical and Health Service Manager. In this paper I want to go over, what is a medical and health service manager? What are the education requirements to have this profession? What are the personality traits to be successful in this career? What are my personal career goals? What can Kaplan University help me with in achieving these goals, and finally, where do I see myself in five years? I know that becoming a medical and health service manager will not only take years of hard workRead MoreMarketing Management, Promotions, And Marketin g Manager Essay1056 Words   |  5 PagesOutlook Employment Projections Currently, there are roughly 194,300 marketing managers (â€Å"Advertising, promotions,† 2015). There will be about 212,500 marketing professionals by 2024, which is a nine percent Graph 1: Advertising, Promotions, and Marketing Manager Projections from 2014-2024 increase. Referencing Graph 1, one could see that the projections are positive, and will increase nine percent for marketing managers. â€Å"Although the retirement rate will likely be average, the number of retiringRead MoreEssay on The Pros and Cons of being an Accountant1106 Words   |  5 PagesOne of the most important jobs is an accountant. They very important because taxes are very complex and they are changing every year. They work on businesses records of assets and liabilities. There are many things to consider before becoming an accountant. They need a good education have a good math background. The nature of the work for an accountant is to maintain records of the assets and debts for a business or an individual and keep records of all financial transactions. They use thisRead MorePositives And Negatives Of College Students1518 Words   |  7 Pagesconnections. Networking is critical to your personal growth and career development. By building connections while in college, students are able to plan for their future. An example of this may be a student that interns with a certain company, at the end of their internship and after graduation they get hired on at that same company due to their previous work and references. Making connections with professors is very important in becoming successful. Professors can be counted on to share the knowledgeRead MoreHealth 5040 Assignment 11074 Words   |  5 PagesHealth 5040 Assignment 1 1. In what sense are all healthcare executives’ human resources managers? How can executives best prepare to perform well in this HR Function? I agree that Healthcare executives are HR Managers. Healthcare executives are managers because they manage business operations. Health care facilities can be small, medium or big enterprises that involve classic business procedures and practices (eHow). Healthcare executives are responsible for engaging with

Social Welfare Essay - 719 Words

Compare and Contrast: NASW and IFSW | | Living in different countries, we always wonder if everyday life routines are the same. Some of these routines, would include education, social life, and most important of all career perspectives. Rules and procedures vary from the different business you apply to however do the different rules and procedures vary from the countries that business thrive from? The purpose of this essay is to describe the differences and similarities from the National Association of Social Workers and the International Federation of Social Workers. The difference between the NASW and IFSW is that they have the same layout but a different format being that there are in two different areas of the world but†¦show more content†¦In the beginning of both codes of ethics and statement of principles it gives a clear detail of what the social worker should be doing to furnish help the community. The same ideas are being shared on each separated document but are formatted in a different way. The preamble list six core values service, social justice, dignity and worth of person, importance of human relationships, integrity, competence. These values are embraced by social workers throughout the profession’s history and are the foundation of social work’s unique purpose and perspective. The preface just listed four bullets on how social workers across the world should reflect on the challenges and dilemmas that face them and make morally informed choices about how to react in each different case. The next section of both documents that is congruent is the ethical principles from codes of ethics and principles from statement of principles. The ethical principle goes a distinctive detail about what the social worker should do for each core value. These principles bring forth ideals to which all social workers should seek. The statement of principle has a set of principle and they consist of Human Rights and Human Dignity, and Social Justice. With human rights and human dignity social work is based on respect for the inherent worth and dignity of all people, and the rights that follow from this. Social workers should uphold and defendShow MoreRelatedSocial Welfare And The Welfare System924 Words   |  4 Pagesthose issues include social welfare, immigration or even environmental issues. Congress receives numerous issues on public polices every day, but they cannot handle and solve every issues that comes across their daily agenda, nor can they satisfy every person in this coun try. Congress prioritizes on those issues that are more important and relevant to find a probable solution too. A growing issue we see that in today’s society are issues in the social welfare system. Social Welfare has so many issuesRead MoreSocial Work And Social Welfare Policy2501 Words   |  11 Pagescreates social conflict and hinders the ability of individuals and communities from achieving their full potential (Blau, 2010). There are several causes for the rise of inequality in the United States, such as our public education system, the philosophy of the underserving poor, lack of affordable housing, the myth of the culture of poverty, and oppression. All of these factors contribute to the rise of inequality in the United States and have significant implications for the field of social work andRead MoreSocial Policy, Social Welfare, and the Welfare State11346 Words   |  46 Pages1 Social policy, social welfare, and the welfare state John Baldock    Contents ââ€"   ââ€"   ââ€"   Introduction Learning outcomes Social policy Deï ¬ ning social policy in terms of types of expenditure Analysing social policy Social policy as intentions and objectives Redistribution The management of risk Social inclusion Social policy as administrative and ï ¬ nancial arrangements Social policy as social administration Social policy as public ï ¬ nance Social policy as outcomes Social welfare The welfare state Deï ¬ ningRead MoreTaking a Look at Social Welfare591 Words   |  2 PagesSocial welfare is the promotion and distribution of material and physical aid by the government for citizens in need. A lot of people think just because you are on Welfare that you’re automatically living off the government but that’s not true, they think you’re too lazy to get a job, but that’s not true at all. I was once on Welfare when I had my little girl when I was living with my grandmother. I had Medicaid, food stamps, WIC, and Family first for they both of us. I had to get on Welfare to getRead MoreThe Social Welfare Policy And Social Programs Essay1674 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract In this paper we look at the different aspects of the Social Welfare program, TANF (Temporary Assistance to Needy Families). TANF is the final variation today of the many cash assistance programs that are available to children and families. In this paper we also focus on who is eligible for TANF and where the funds are going to. With a review of the literature it is shown that living off cash assistance is not easy and how it affects the participant’s life. There is also a look at unintendedRead MoreSocial Welfare Beneficiaries on Illegal Drugs1256 Words   |  6 PagesPeople who apply for welfare benefits should be tested for drugs and they should be cleared of all illicit drugs before they receive any benefits in the form of cash or food stamps because, the government spends so much money on welfare and rehabilitation programs and screening welfare recipients will help the government save more money to fix the economy. Most employees are tested of illicit drugs before they are employed by their employer so why shouldn’t welfare recipients also be tested of illicitRead MoreSocial Policy and Welfare System Essays2047 Words   |  9 PagesSOCIAL POLICY Social Policy and the Welfare System Leigh-Ann Hancock Kaplan University HN300-01 Human Services and Social Policy Professor Lorena Lashway May 1, 2012 Social Policy and the Welfare System Over one hundred years ago poverty-stricken Americans’ means of assistance was met through families, local communities, and charities, typically religious. 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The Changing Nature of Music Industry free essay sample

One of the less visible but highly challenging aspects of the Internet is the impact it has had and is having on the entertainment business. This Is particularly the case with music. At one level its impacts could be assumed to be confined to providing new e-tailing channels through which you can obtain the latest CD of your preference for example from Amazon. Mom or CD-Now or 100 other websites. These Innovations Increase the choice and tailoring of the music purchasing service and monster some of the richness/reach economic shifts of the new Internet game. But beneath this updating of essentially the same transaction lies a more fundamental shift in the ways in which music is created and distributed and in the business model on which the whole music Industry is currently predicated.In essence the old model Involved a complex .NET;ark In which songwriters and artists depended on AR (artists and repertoire) to select a few acts, production staff who would record in complex and expensive studios, other production staff who loud oversee the manufacture of physical discs, tapes and CDC and marketing and distribution staff who would ensure the product was publicized and disseminated to an increasingly global market. We will write a custom essay sample on The Changing Nature of Music Industry or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Several key changes have undermined this structure and brought with It significant disruption to the Industry.Old competencies may no longer be relevant whilst acquiring new ones becomes a matter of urgency. Even well-established names like Sony find it difficult to stay ahead whilst new entrants are able to exploit the economics of the Internet. At the heart of the change is the potential for creating, touring and distributing music In digital format a problem which many researchers have worked on for some time. One solution, developed by one of the Forerunner Institutes in Germany, is a standard based on the Motion Picture Experts Group (MPEG) level 3 protocol MPH.MPH offers a powerful algorithm for managing one of the big problems In transmitting music files that of compression. Normal audio files cover a wide range of frequencies and are thus very large and not suitable for fast transfer across the Internet especially with a population who may only be using relatively slow modems. With MPH effective compression is achieved by cutting out those frequencies which the human ear cannot detect with the result that the files to be transferred are much smaller. As a result MPH files can be moved across the Internet quickly and shared widely.Various programs exist for transferring normal audio files and inputs such as CDC into MPH and back again. What does this mean for the music business? In the first Instance aspiring musicians no longer need to depend on being picked up by AR staff from major companies who can bear the costs of recording and production of a physical CD. Instead they can use home recording software and either produce a CD themselves I OFF coatrooms, etc. In the process they effectively create a parallel and much more direct music industry which leaves existing players and artists on the sidelines.Such changes are not necessarily threatening. For many people the lowering of entry barriers has opened up the possibility of participating in the music business for example, by making and sharing music without the complexities and costs of a formal recording contract and the resources of a major record company. There is also scope for innovation around the periphery for example in the music publishing sector where sheet music and lyrics are also susceptible to lowering of barriers through the application of digital technology.Journalism and related activities become increasingly open now music reviews and other forms of commentary become possible via specialist user groups and channels on the Web, whereas before they were the province o f a few magazine titles. Compiling popularity charts and the related advertising is also opened up as the medium switches from physical CDC ND tapes distributed and sold via established channels to new media such as MPH distributed via the Internet. As if this were not enough, the industry is also challenged from another source the sharing of music between different people connected via the Internet. Although technically illegal this practice of sharing between peoples record collections has always taken place but not on the scale which the Internet threatens to facilitate. Much of the established music industry is concerned with legal issues how to protect copyright and how to ensure that royalties are paid in the right proportions to hose who participate in production and distribution.But when people can share music in MPH format and distribute it globally, the potential for policing the system and collecting royalties becomes extremely difficult to sustain It has been made much more so by another technological development that of person-to-person or POP networking. Sean Fanning, an 18-year-old student with the nickname the Anapest, was intrigued by the challenge of being able to enable his friends to see and share between their own personal record collections. He argued that if they held hose in MPH format then it should be possible to set up some kind of central exchange program which facilitated their sharing.The result the Anapest. Com site offered sophisticated software which enabled POP transactions. The Anapest server did not actually hold any music on its files but every day millions of swaps were made by people around the world exchanging their music collections. Needless to say this posed a huge threat to the established music business since it involved no payment of royalties. A number of high-profile lawsuits followed but whilst Anapests activities have been curbed the problem did not go away.There are now many other sites emulating and extending what Anapest started sites such as Neutral take the POP idea further and enable exchange of many different file formats text, video, etc. In Anapests own case the phenomenally successful site concluded a deal with entertainment giant Bertelsmann which paved the way for subscription-based services which provide some revenue stream to deal with the royalty issue. Expectations that legal protection would limit the impact of this revolution have been copyright law. Their Judgment said, History has shown that time and market forces often provide equilibrium in balancing interests, whether the new technology be a player piano, a copier, a tape recorder, a video recorder, a PC, a karaoke machine or an MPH player. 68 Significantly the new opportunities opened up by this were seized not by music Industry firms but by computer companies, especially Apple. In parallel with the launch of their successful -Pod personal MPH player they opened a site called tunes Inch offered users a choice of thousands of tracks for download at 99 c each. In its first weeks of operation it recorded 1 m. TTS and has gone on to be the market leader in an increasingly populated field, having notched up over mom. Downloads since opening in mid-2003. See Case Study 1. 1 of 4th Edition for update) ere writing may be on the wall for the music industry in the same way as the low cost marline business has transformed the travel business. Behind the music industry the next target may be the movie and entertainment industry where there are a;ready worrying similarities. Or the growing computer games sector with shifts towards more small scale developers using viral marketing to build a sales base.

Araby- Vanity Essays - Araby, Seven Deadly Sins, Vanity, Narration

Araby- Vanity The characters in Araby display a wide spectrum of vanity that encompasses a variety of people. The narrator of the story is the best example of vanity. He is obsessed with a girl that lives next door to him. He never remarks about her personality but does remark that her image accompanied me even in places the most hostile to romance. A mind that is only intrigued by images is the pinnacle of vanity. Another example of this vanity in the narrator is noted within other statements about the girl. The narrator remarks that her name sprang to my lips at moments in strange prayers. Her image and vision was now controlling his prayers and the girl is the only God that he now acknowledges within his narrow vanity filled view of the world. Also the narrator speaks about rarely thinking about the future, only present events are taken in due course. The narrator further states that his body was like a harp and her words and gestures were like fingers playing his emotions. This statement fully proves the amount of vanity that exists in the narrator. He is fully driven by beauty, and every aspect of beauty controls his life. The narrator conveys Joyce's view of vanity and displays this view with sinful intentions throughout the story. The pursued girl also displays this view of vanity in many instances. The girl is noted as twisting a silver bracelet while talking of the Araby bazaar. The girl was inadvertently displaying the richness of her life and hinting to the narrator to buying a gift for her. She may not even have wanted to go to Araby but points out her wishes as to get a free gift out of the ordeal. The narrator was obsessed with beauty and the girl was obsessed with materialistic beauty, which are both separate but equal vanity sins. The situational detail also displays vanity with examples of rash thought and selfish actions. The narrator decides to go to the Araby and purchase something for the girl. He notes that he cannot wait for the day of the festival and he chafed against the work of school. This rash decision shows how his vanity clouds his reason. Another example is noted when the narrator states that life stood between [him] and [his] desire. This displays a total shunning of hard work and decency; two things that are the foundation of good values and morals. A further example of selfish rash behavior exists within the narrator's anger in his uncle. The uncle accidentally forgets to hand the narrator money to go to Araby. Upon realizing this the aunt notices the narrator did not smile. The narrator is selfish for his own needs and is not in good spirits unless his selfish needs are met. He is totally driven to experience his sin of vanity and will not be stopped by a forgetful uncle or anything else th at could hinder his pleasure. Character traits and events that take place within Araby are used to portray the sin of vanity that is very dominant throughout the story. A predominant effect of vanity causes a degradation of the spirit and free thought. James Joyce provides the reader a glimpse into the selfishness of one boy's drive towards sin. English Essays

The Council of Nicea and the Arian Controversy

The Council of Nicea and the Arian Controversy The Arian controversy (not to be confused with the Indo-Europeans known as Aryans) was a discourse that occurred in the Christian church of the 4th century CE, that threatened to upend the meaning of the church itself. The Christian church, like the Judaic church before it, was committed to monotheism: all the Abrahamic religions say there is only one God. Arius (256–336 CE), a fairly obscure scholar and presbyter at Alexandria and originally from Libya, is said to have argued that the incarnation of Jesus Christ threatened that monotheistic status of the Christian church, because he was not of the same substance as God, instead a creature made by God and so capable of vice. The Council of Nicea was called, in part, to resolve this issue. The Council of Nicea The first council of Nicea (Nicaea) was the first ecumenical council of the Christian church, and it lasted between May and August, 325 CE. It was held in Nicea, Bithynia (in Anatolia, modern Turkey), and a total of 318 bishops attended, according to the records of the bishop at Nicea, Athanasius (bishop from 328–273). The number 318 is a symbolic number for the Abrahamic religions: basically, there would be one participant at Nicea to represent each of the members of the Biblical Abrahams household. The Nicean council had three goals: to resolve the Melitian controversy- which was over the readmission to the Church of lapsed Christians,to establish how to calculate the date of Easter each year, andto settle matters stirred up by Arius, the presbyter at Alexandria. Athanasius (296–373 CE) was an important fourth-century Christian theologian and one of the eight great Doctors of the Church. He was also the major, albeit polemical and biased, contemporary source we have on the beliefs of Arius and his followers. Athanasius interpretation was followed by the later Church historians Socrates, Sozomen, and Theodoret. Church Councils When Christianity took hold in the Roman Empire, the doctrine had yet to be fixed. A council is an assembly of theologians and church dignitaries called together to discuss the doctrine of the church. There have been 21 councils of what became the Catholic Church- 17 of them occurred before 1453). The problems of interpretation (part of the doctrinal issues), emerged when theologians tried to rationally explain the simultaneously divine and human aspects of Christ. This was especially difficult to do without resorting to pagan concepts, in particular having more than one divine being. Once the councils had determined such aspects of doctrine and heresy, as they did in the early councils, they moved on to church hierarchy and behavior. The Arians were not opponents of the orthodox position because orthodoxy had yet to be defined. Opposing Images of God At heart, the controversy in front of the church was how to fit Christ into the religion as a divine figure without disrupting the notion of monotheism. In the 4th century, there were several possible ideas that would account for that. The Sabellians (after the Libyan Sabellius) taught that there was a single entity, the prosÃ… pon, made up of God the Father and Christ the Son.The Trinitarian Church fathers, Bishop Alexander of Alexandria and his deacon, Athanasius, believed there were three persons in one god (Father, Son, Holy Spirit).The Monarchianists believed in only one indivisible being. These included Arius, who was presbyter in Alexandria under the Trinitarian bishop, and Eusebius, Bishop of Nicomedia (the man who coined the term oecumenical council and who had estimated participation at a substantially lower and more realistic attendance of 250 bishops). When Alexander accused Arius of denying the second and third person of the Godhead, Arius accused Alexander of Sabellian tendencies. Homo Ousion vs. Homoi Ousion The sticking point at the Nicene Council was a concept found nowhere in the Bible: homoousion. According to the concept of homo ousion, Christ the Son was consubstantial- the word is the Roman translation from the Greek, and it means that there was no difference between the Father and the Son. Arius and Eusebius disagreed. Arius thought the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit were materially separate from each other, and that the Father created the Son as a separate entity: the argument hinged on the birth of Christ to a human mother. Here is a passage from a letter Arian wrote to Eusebius: (4.) We are not able to listen to these kinds of impieties, even if the heretics threaten us with ten thousand deaths. But what do we say and think and what have we previously taught and do we presently teach? - that the Son is not unbegotten, nor a part of an unbegotten entity in any way, nor from anything in existence, but that he is subsisting in will and intention before time and before the ages, full God, the only-begotten, unchangeable. (5.) Before he was begotten, or created, or defined, or established, he did not exist. For he was not unbegotten. But we are persecuted because we have said the Son has a beginning but God has no beginning. We are persecuted because of that and for saying he came from non-being. But we said this since he is not a portion of God nor of anything in existence. That is why we are persecuted; you know the rest. Arius and his followers, the Arians, believed if the Son were equal to the Father, there would be more than one God: but Christianity had to be a monotheistic religion, and Athanasius believed that by insisting Christ was a separate entity, Arius was taking the church into mythology or worse, polytheism. Further, opposing Trinitarians believed that making Christ a subordinate to God diminished the importance of the Son. Wavering Decision of Constantine At the Nicean council, the Trinitarian bishops prevailed, and the Trinity was established as the core of the Christian church. Emperor Constantine (280–337 CE), who may or may not have been a Christian at the time- Constantine was baptized shortly before he died, but had made Christianity the official state religion of the Roman Empire by the time of the Nicean council- intervened. The decision of the Trinitarians made Ariuss questions heresy akin to revolt, so Constantine exiled the excommunicated Arius to Illyria (modern Albania). Constantines friend and Arian-sympathizer Eusebius, and a neighboring bishop, Theognis, were also exiled- to Gaul (modern France). In 328, however, Constantine reversed his opinion about the Arian heresy and had both exiled bishops reinstated. At the same time, Arius was recalled from exile. Eusebius eventually withdrew his objection, but still wouldnt sign the statement of faith. Constantines sister and Eusebius worked on the emperor to obtain reinstatement for Arius, and they would have succeeded, if Arius hadnt suddenly died- by poisoning, probably, or, as some prefer to believe, by divine intervention. After Nicea Arianism regained momentum and evolved (becoming popular with some of the tribes that were invading the Roman Empire, like the Visigoths) and survived in some form until the reigns of Gratian and Theodosius, at which time, St. Ambrose (c. 340–397) set to work stamping it out. But the debate by no means was over in the 4th century. Debate continued into the fifth century and beyond, with: ... confrontation between the Alexandrian school, with its allegorical interpretation of scripture and its emphasis on the one nature of the divine Logos made flesh, and the Antiochene school, which favoured a more literal reading of scripture and stressed the two natures in Christ after the union. (Pauline Allen, 2000) Anniversary of the Nicene Creed August 25, 2012, marked the 1687th anniversary of the creation of the upshot of the Council of Nicea, an initially controversial document cataloging the basic beliefs of Christians the Nicene Creed. Sources Allen, Pauline. The definition and enforcement of orthodoxy. Late Antiquity: Empire and Successors, A.D. 425–600. Eds. Averil Cameron, Bryan Ward-Perkins, and Michael Whitby. Cambridge University Press, 2000.Barnes, T. D. Constantine and the Christians of Persia. The Journal of Roman Studies 75 (1985): 126–36. Print.. Constantines Prohibition of Pagan Sacrifice. The American Journal of Philology 105.1 (1984): 69–72. Print.Curran, John. Constantine and the Ancient Cults of Rome: The Legal Evidence. Greece and Rome 43.1 (1996): 68–80. Print.Edwards, Mark. The First Council of Nicaea. The Cambridge History of Christianity: Volume 1: Origins to Constantine. Eds. Young, Frances M. and Margaret M. Mitchell. Vol. 1. Cambridge History of Christianity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006. 552–67. Print.Grant, Robert M. Religion and Politics at the Council at Nicaea. The Journal of Religion 55.1 (1975): 1–12. Print.Gwynn, David M. The Eusebians : The Polemic of Athanasius of Alexandria and the Construction of the Arian Controversy. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007. . Religious Diversity in Late Antiquity. Archaeology and the ‘Arian Controversy’ in the Fourth Century. Brill, 2010. 229. Print.Hanson, R.P.C. The Search for the Christian Doctrine of God: The Arian Controversy, 318–381. London: TT Clark.Jà ¶rg, Ulrich. Nicaea and the West. Vigiliae Christianae 51.1 (1997): 10–24. Print.

The Jazz Festival of Atlanta Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Jazz Festival of Atlanta - Essay Example Atlanta is the most populous city and the capital city of the state of Georgia in the United States of America. Atlanta is considered to be the ninth most populous metropolitan city in the United States. As of July 2006, the city of Atlanta had a population of 486,411 and a metropolitan population of 5,138,223, making it the nation's ninth-largest metro area. Residents of the city are known as Atlantans. After a little research about the festival, I came to know that the Jazz Festival is a 31-day schedule of events featuring internationally renowned jazz artists and activities throughout the Metro Atlanta area culminating in the three day outdoor music event in Atlanta's Piedmont Park (Events Management). As I was present at the festival, I saw performers at the Atlanta Jazz Festival included the Herbier Hancock Quintet, The Pete Escovedo Orchestra Sheila E., Laws Family and many more. In addition to the main stage, it was given in the events list that there will be a "Future of Jazz" artist's stage too at the event (Johnson). The Memorial Day Weekend festival features 3 performance stages - Main Stage, Smooth Jazz Stage and a Home Grown Stage. There were activities for the entire family including artist vendors, festival food options, jazz education seminars and a special Kids' Zone featuring children's activities (Matouk). It was a real thing to enjoy and I'm sure one would definitely be delighted to be a part of this event. The festival was organized at the Woodruff Park in Atlanta, Georgia (Office of Cultural Affairs, 2008). I saw the featuring of Atlanta based jazz artists performing during the 31 days in May and they were culminated with family fun and music in Woodruff Park. The Atlanta Jazz Festival is regarded as one of the Country's largest free jazz festivals.Everybody in our group enjoyed the presence at the festival. The festival was basically formed to celebrate the rich cultural heritage of our city and has blossomed into a celebration of our nation's contribution to human expression (Office of Cultural Affairs, 2008). The festival is believed to be an annual music showcase that celebrates jazz legends and up-and-coming jazz greats in venues throughout metro Atlanta during the month of May and culminates in a 3-day music festival on Memorial Day Weekend. According to the organizers of the festival, it is believed that the main aim of celebrating the festival is to expose and entertain a diverse audience of jazz aficionados, young jazz enthusiasts and musical artists to the rich heritage and variety of jazz as an authentic form of traditional music. The guide who was assisting us and taking us through the entire even said that, the Atlanta Jazz Festival brought legendary performers, up -coming talent, artists, vendors and Atlanta's finest restaurants, as well as youth ensembles and high school performers, together for one of the largest jazz festivities in the country (Franklin, 2008). People like us, who take part in the festival enjoyed the renowned sounds of live jazz nightly at bars and nightclubs throughout the metro Atlanta area including; Churchill Grounds, Apache Caf, Eye Drum Art & Music Gallery, Funk Jazz Caf and more for the entire month.

Early Music through the Baroque Period Assignment

Early Music through the Baroque Period - Assignment Example This book is accompanied by a CD narrated by Ben Kingsley. I found it enlightening because of its overview of orchestra, which it follows up with an array of instrument groups used in orchestras. The brief explanations of the instrument group’s history and distinctive sound qualities However, it would have been better if the instruments were named where they were shown alone, rather than in small group photos, which I found odd. Nevertheless, the highlighting of individual instrument parts with clear labelling of their parts is very helpful, even though the instruments are only named in the smaller photographs showing them in orchestra groups. I agree with the post that the strings in this piece gave the entire performance a whimsical feel, although it would have been better to refer to the marimba, rather than the percussion. In fact, it puts the marimba, an instrument that is rarely given much space, in the centre stage. This post rightly notes that this piece almost follows the rules of tap-dancing, in that it only repeats long enough for the listener to catch its flow, before changing its step. In my case, I would have added the fact about the central character in the piece, a young girl on Christmas Eve, who awakens to romantic love and the wider world. The post makes an important point about this piece being Dvorak’s ninth and last symphony, but I would also have linked this with the fact that nine seems to be a magical number for most composers, such as Mahler, Bruckner, Schubert, and Beethoven.

Allocation of Resources in Cloud Server Using Lopsidedness

Allocation of Resources in Cloud Server Using Lopsidedness B. Selvi, C. Vinola, Dr. R. Ravi Abstract– Cloud computing plays a vital role in the organizations resource management. Cloud server allows dynamic resource usage based on the customer needs. Cloud server achieves efficient allocation of resources through virtualization technology. It addresses the system that uses the virtualization technology to allocate the resources dynamically based on the demands and saves energy by optimizing the number of server in use. It introduces the concept to measure the inequality in multi-dimensional resource utilization of a server. The aim is to enlarge the efficient resource utilization system that avoids overload and save energy in cloud by allocating the resources to the multiple clients in an efficient manner using virtual machine mapping on physical system and Idle PMs can be turned off to save energy. Index Terms-cloud computing, resource allocation, virtual machine, green computing. I. Introduction In cloud computing provides the service in an efficient manner. Dynamically allocate the resources to multiple cloud clients at the same time over the network. Now-a-Days many of the business organizations using the concept of cloud computing due to the advantage with resource management and security management. A cloud computing network is a composite system with a large number of shared multiple resources. These are focus to unpredictable needs and can be affected by outside events beyond the control. Cloud resource allocation management requires composite policies and decisions for multi-objective optimization. It is extremely difficult because of the convolution of the system, which makes it impracticable to have accurate universal state information. It is also subject to continual and unpredictable communications with the surroundings. The strategies for cloud resource allocation management associated with the three cloud delivery models, Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS) and Software as a Service (SaaS), differ from one another. In all cases, the cloud providers are faced with huge, sporadic loads that contest the claim of cloud flexibility. Virtualization is the single most efficient way to decrease IT expenses while boosting effectiveness and liveliness not only for large enterprise, but for small and mid budget organizations also. Virtualization technology has advantages over the following aspects. Run multi-operating systems and applications on a single computer. Combine hardware to get hugely higher productivity from smaller number of servers. Save 50 percent or more on general IT costs. Speed up and make things easier IT management, maintenance, and the consumption of new applications. The system aims to achieve two goals: The capability of a physical machine (PM) should be enough to satisfy the resource requirements of all virtual machines (VMs) running on it. Otherwise, the Physical machine is overload and degrades performance of its VMs. The number of PMs used should be minimized as long as they can still satisfy the demands of all VMs. Idle physical machine can be turned off to save energy. There is an intrinsic exchange between the two goals in the face of altering resource needs of VMs. For overload avoidance, the system should keep the utilization of PMs Low to reduce the possibility of overload in case the resource needs of VMs increase later. For green computing, the system should keep the utilization of PMs reasonably high to make efficient use of their energy. It presents the design and implementation of an efficient resource allocation system that balance between the two goals. The following aids are, The development of an efficient resource allocation system that avoids overload in the system effectively while minimizing the number of servers use. To introduce the concept of â€Å"lopsidedness† to measure the uneven utilization of a server. By minimizing lopsidedness, the system improves the overall utilization of servers in the face of multidimensional resource constraints. To implement a load prediction algorithm that can capture the future resource usages of applications accurately without looking inside the VMs. Fig.1 System Architecture II. System Overview The architecture of the system is presents in Fig.1. The physical machine runs with VMware hypervisor (VMM) that supports VM0 and one or more VMs in cloud server. Each VM can contain one or more applications residing it. All physical machines can share the same storage space. The mapping of VMs to PMs is maintains by VMM. Information collector node (ICN) collects the information about VMs resource status that runs on VM0. The virtual machine monitor creates and monitors the virtual machine. The CPU scheduling and network usage monitoring is manage by VMM. Assume with available sampling technique can measure the working set size on each virtual machine. The information collects at each physical machine and passes the information to the admin controller (AC). AC connects with VM Allocator that activated periodically and gets information from the ICN resource needs history of VMs, and status of VMs. The allocator has several components. The Indicator Indicates the future demands of virtual machine and total load value for physical machine. The ICN at each node attempts to satisfy the input demands locally by adjusting the resource allocation of VMs sharing the same VMM. The hotspot remover in VM allocator spots if the resource exploitation of any PM is above the Hot Point. If so, then some VMs runs on the particular PM will be move away to another PM to reduce the selected PM load. The cold spot remover identifies the system that is below the average utilization (Cold point) of actively used PMs. If so, then it some PMs turned off to save energy. Finally, the exodus list passes to the admin controller. III. The Lopsidedness Algorithm The resource allocation system introduces the concept of lopsidedness to measure the unevenness in the utilization of multiple resources on a server. Let consider n be the number of resources and let consider ri be the exploitation of the ith resource. To define the resource lopsidedness of a server p by considering r is the average utilization of resources in server p. In practice, not all types of resources are performance critical and then consider bottleneck resources in the above calculation. By minimizing the lopsidedness, the system can combine different types of workloads nicely and improve the overall utilization of server resources. A. Hot and Cold Points The system executes periodically to evaluate the resource allocation status based on the predicted future resource demands of VMs. The system defines a server as a hot spot if the utilization of any of its resources is above a hot threshold. This indicates that the server is overloaded and hence some VMs running on it should be migrated away. The system defines the temperature of a hot spot p as the square sum of its resource utilization beyond the hot threshold. Consider R is the set of overloaded resources in server p and rt is the hot threshold for resource r. (Note that only overloaded resources are considered in the calculation.) The temperature of a hot spot reflects its degree of overload. If a server is not a hot spot, its temperature is zero. The system defines a server as a cold spot if the utilizations of all its resources are below a cold threshold. This indicates that the server is mostly idle and a potential candidate to turn off to save energy. However, the system does so only when the average resource utilization of all actively used servers (i.e., APMs) in the system is below a green computing threshold. A server is actively used if it has at least one VM running. Otherwise, it is inactive. Finally, The system define the warm threshold to be a level of resource utilization that is sufficiently high to justify having the server running but not so high as to risk becoming a hot spot in the face of temporary fluctuation of application resource demands. Different types of resources can have different thresholds. For example, the system can define the hot thresholds for CPU and memory resources to be 90 and 80 percent, respectively. Thus a server is a hot spot if either its CPU usage is above 90 percent or its memory usage is above 80 percent. B. Hot Spot Reduction The system sort the list of hot spots in the system in descending temperature (i.e., the system handle the hottest one first). Our goal is to eliminate all hot spots if possible. Otherwise, keep their temperature as low as possible. For each server p, the system first decides which of its VMs should be migrated away. The system sort its list of VMs based on the resulting temperature of the server if that VM is migrated away. The system aims to migrate away the VM that can reduce the server’s temperature the most. In case of ties, the system selects the VM whose removal can reduce the lopsidedness of the server the most. For each VM in the list, the system sees if the system can find a destination server to accommodate it. The server must not become a hot spot after accepting this VM. Among all such servers, the system select one whose lopsidedness can be reduced the most by accepting this VM. Note that this reduction can be negative which means the system selects the server wh ose lopsidedness increases the least. If a destination server is found, the system records the migration of the VM to that server and updates the predicted load of related servers. Otherwise, the system moves onto the next VM in the list and try to find a destination server for it. As long as the system can find a destination server for any of its VMs the system consider this run of the algorithm a success and then move onto the next hot spot. Note that each run of the algorithm migrates away at most one VM from the overloaded server. This does not necessarily eliminate the hot spot, but at least reduces its temperature. If it remains a hot spot in the next decision run, the algorithm will repeat this process. It is possible to design the algorithm so that it can migrate away multiple VMs during each run. But this can add more load on the related servers during a period when they are already overloaded. The system decides to use this more conservative approach and leave the system s ome time to react before initiating additional migrations. IV. System Analysis In Cloud Environment, the user has to give request to download the file. This request will be store and process by the server to respond the user. It checks the appropriate sub server to assign the task. A job scheduler is a computer application for controlling unattended background program execution; job scheduler is create and connects with all servers to perform the user requested tasks using this module. In User Request Analysis, the requests are analyze by the scheduler before the task is give to the servers. This module helps to avoid the task overloading by analyzing the nature of the users request. Fist it checks the type of the file going to be download. The users request can be the downloading request of text, image or video file. In Server Load value, the server load value is identifies for job allocation. To reduce the over load, the different load values are assign to the server according to the type of the processing file. If the requested file is text, then the minimum load value will be assign by the server. If it is video file, the server will assign high load value. If it is image file, then it will take medium load value. In Server Allocation, the server allocation task will take place. To manage the mixed workloads, the job-scheduling algorithm is follow. In this the scheduling, depends upon the nature of the request the load values are assign dynamically. Minimum load value server will take high load value job for the next time. High load value server will take minimum load value job for next time. The aim is to enlarge the efficient resource utilization system that avoids overload and save energy in cloud by allocating the resources to the multiple clients in an efficient manner using virtual machine mapping on physical system and Idle PMs can be turned off to save energy. Fig. 2 Comparison graph IV. Conclusion It presented by the design, implementation and evaluation of efficient resource allocation system for cloud computing services. Allocation system multiplexes by mapping virtual to physical resources based on the demand of users. The contest here is to reduce the number of dynamic servers during low load without sacrificing performance. Then it achieves overload avoidance and saves energy for systems with multi resource constraints to satisfy the new demands locally by adjusting the resource allocation of VMs sharing the same VMM and some of not used PMs could potentially be turn off to save energy. Future work can on prediction algorithm to improve the stability of resource allocation decisions and plan to explore using AI or control theoretic approach to find near optimal values automatically. References [1] Anton Beloglazov and Rajkumar Buyya (2013), ‘Managing Overloaded Hosts For Dynamic Consolidation of Virtual Machines In Cloud Data Centers Under Quality of Service Constraints’, IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, Vol. 24, No. 7, pp. 1366-1379. [2] Ayad Barsoum and Anwar Hasan (2013), ’Enabling Dynamic Data And Indirect Mutual Trust For Cloud Computing Storage Systems’, IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, Vol. 24, No. 12, pp. 2375-2385. [3] Daniel Warneke, and Odej Kao (2011), ‘Exploiting Dynamic Resource Allocation For Efficient Parallel Data Processing In The Cloud’, IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, Vol. 22, No. 6, pp. 985-997. [4] Fung Po Tso and Dimitrios P. Pezaros (2013), ‘Improving Data Center Network Utilization Using Near-Optimal Traffic Engineering’, IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, Vol. 24, No. 6, pp. 1139-1147. [5] Hong Xu, and Baochun Li (2013), ‘Anchor: A Versatile and Efficient Framework for Resource Management in The Cloud’, IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, Vol. 24, No. 6, pp. 1066-1076. [6] Jia Rao, Yudi Wei, Jiayu Gong, and Cheng-Zhong Xu (2013), ‘Qos Guarantees And Service Differentiation For Dynamic Cloud Applications’, IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management, Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 43-54. [7] Junwei Cao, Keqin Li,and Ivan Stojmenovic (2013), ‘Optimal Power Allocation and Load Distribution For Multiple Heterogeneous Multicore Server Processors Across Clouds and Data Centers’, IEEE Transactions on Computers, Vol. 32, No. 99, pp.145-159. [8] Kuo-Yi Chen, Morris Chang. J, and Ting-Wei Hou (2011), ‘Multithreading In Java: Performance and Scalability on Multicore Systems’, IEEE Transactions On Computers, Vol. 60, No. 11, pp. 1521-1534. [9] Olivier Beaumont, Lionel Eyraud-Dubois, Christopher Thraves Caro, and Hejer Rejeb (2013), ‘Heterogeneous Resource Allocation Under Degree Constraints’, IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, Vol. 24, No. 5, pp. 926-937. [10] Rafael Moreno-Vozmediano, Ruben S. Montero, and Ignacio M. Llorente (2011), ‘Multicloud Deployment Of Computing Clusters For Loosely Coupled MTC Applications’, IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, Vol. 22, No. 6, pp. 924-930. [11] Sangho Yi, Artur Andrzejak, and Derrick Kondo (2012), ‘Monetary Cost-Aware Checkpointing And Migration on Amazon Cloud Spot Instances’, IEEE Transactions on Services Computing, Vol. 5, No. 4, pp. 512-524. [12] Sheng Di and Cho-Li Wang (2013), ‘Dynamic Optimization of Multiattribute Resource Allocation In Self-Organizing Clouds’, IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, Vol. 24, No. 3, pp. 464-478. [13] Xiangping Bu, Jia Rao, and Cheng-Zhong Xu (2013), ‘Coordinated Self-Configuration of Virtual Machines And Appliances Using A Model-Free Learning Approach’, IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, Vol. 24, No. 4, pp.681-690. [14] Xiaocheng Liu, Chen Wang, Bing Bing Zhou, Junliang Chen, Ting Yang, and Albert Y. Zomaya (2013), ‘Priority-Based Consolidation Of Parallel Workloads In The Cloud’, IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, Vol. 24, No. 9, pp. 1874-1883. [15] Ying Song, Yuzhong Sun, and Weisong Shi(2013), ‘A Two-Tiered On-Demand Resource Allocation Mechanism For VM-Based Data Centers’, IEEE Transactions on Services Computing, Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 116-129.  ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­

bob dylan Essay -- essays research papers

Imagine: Everyday thousands of people get killed in a war no-one asked for. Friends and family are send to a horrible place with little chance you’ll ever see them again. This war, a useless and disgusting war started without any reasons and only goes on because the leaders of your country are too proud to make it end. For millions of American citizens this nightmare became truth. In 1964 the American president Johnson started sending soldiers to Vietnam. At the end of the war in 1972, it is estimated that, in total, over 2,5 million people on both sides were killed. As the war continued, the American people got more and more unsatisfied and angry at their government. They wanted the war to stop, it had been going on long enough and too many people had been killed, president Johnson, ho...

Profit Margin and High End Segment

Cost Leadership After contemplating many different strategy options and evaluating our markets, the Ferris group decided that we would utilize and follow a strategy discussed in chapter 6 of Wheelen and Hunger’s text[1]: cost leadership. This strategy focuses on â€Å"a lower-cost competitive strategy that aims at the broad mass market and requires efficient scale facilities, cost reductions, and cost and overhead control. This strategy avoids marginal customers, and aims for cost minimization in R&D, service, sales force, and advertising. If used effectively, this strategy should reduce and control your labor and overhead costs. This would in turn decrease variable expenses and simultaneously increase your contribution margins, and ultimately your net profits. To follow this strategy, we decided to take the following actions: 1. We refrained from introducing any new products in order to prevent paying large start-up costs without efficient funding. It would have been wise to introduce a new product if we had more rounds during the simulation.This would have allowed us to specialize in the markets we were efficient in and dropped those that were costing us money. If we were to introduce a product however, to see any benefits of this initiative during the simulation, the product would have had to been launched within the first few rounds. But, spending a lot of borrowed money early on in the simulation did not make sense for our cost leadership strategy. We would have had to wait until we could fund it with our retained earnings in order to be in alignment with our strategy.However, this would not have been an option until the 3rd or 4th year, and by then much too late to see positive benefits by year 6. 2. We remained quite frugal with our allocated expenses to marketing (promotion and sales budgets) to keep our costs low and contribution margins high. 3. We decided to increase our automation for products that did not have rapidly changing market buying criteria specifications (i. e. if expectations regarding size and performance stayed fairly similar throughout the six rounds because their drift rates were small, then we increased automation for that particular line within the first year). . We attempted to use a Just In Time (JIT) strategy which meant that we tried to calculate the exact quantity each market would purchase of our products and we then produced only enough to have no more or no less on hand at the end of each forecasted year. †¢To calculate this precise forecast, in each segment we took the actual sales from the previous year and multiplied it by the market growth rate for the corresponding market segment. We then multiplied that number by a conservative (i. e. 90%) and optimistic (i. e. 10%) rate to get the respective marketing and production forecasts. †¢The only time we produced a little higher than the conservative forecast calculated using the above formula was if we stocked out of an item in the pr evious year and could then expect even higher sales the following year; essentially preventing ourselves from short-changing our forecast for the next year. If this was the case for a previous year, we would be a little more aggressive with our forecast fro the following year and used conservative and optimistic rates of around 90% and 120% respectively. . We decided to decrease the Mean Time Before Failure (MTBF) of those products (The Traditional and Low End segments) in which MTBF as a buying criteria was not very important to the customer to the minimum specification within the acceptable range to the customer (i. e. If the desired range for MTBF was 22,000 – 27,000 for a product that did not base much of their purchasing decision on MTBF, we would set the MTBF for that product at the minimum of 22,000).This was done to keep costs low by decreasing the reliability (which saves money in production costs) of those products in which customers did not care about the MTBF. Ove rall Company Performance Mistakes During the simulation, we made quite a few costly mistakes that put us in a really bad spot in comparison to the other teams. These mistakes are as follows: 1. We missed the opportunity to launch a new product because right out of the gate we were focused on the products we already had and making them all profitable.We were not willing to create a new product until we could finance the investment with our retained earnings instead of taking on debt to finance such a project. The problem was that it took us about 4 rounds to build up a cushion of cash that allowed us to feel comfortable making such an investment. Unfortunately, since it takes 2 rounds to launch a new product, we did not feel that the timing was right after round 4 because we would not have generated profits for the new product by the end f the simulation; we were unable to justify the investment for a long term project with only 2 years left in the simulation. Therefore, we did not m ove quickly enough within the first few rounds in assessing our markets as a whole and making long term investment decisions. 2. My group was also quite concerned with not increasing debt and rather building our retained earnings and collecting cash as a cushion. However, this tactic was not such a great one because it cost us points for wealth creation. We should have been using that saved cash to invest in our company, rather than hanging on to the money. . We never created any long term plans during the simulation. This was probably what hurt us the most because all we were focused on was the previous year’s results and how to make them increase. We never actually set specific goals which would have then forced us to create a detailed plan of action to help us achieve those goals; rather we were blindly just trying to be or stay profitable. 4. We continually implemented the same strategies that were not producing stellar results; especially with regards to individual segme nts.We continually tried executing the same tactics (i. e. low cost, JIT, etc†¦) without changing any details (i. e. more product development, repositioning, etc†¦) and kept hoping that things would get better. Our performance did get a little better within our underperforming segments after about 3 rounds, but not enough to push us ahead of our competition as a whole company. 5. We did not invest in automation for a few lines (Performance and Size) like we should have in the beginning.For whatever reason, a few team members believed that increasing the automation for a line that has a product with specifications that change rapidly from year to year (the High, Performance, and Size segments) was a bad idea. They were convinced that increasing the automation for these segments would be useless and that it would in fact return to where it originally started at each year end. Looking back, we should have dramatically increased the automation for these segments to keep our va riable costs low and in alignment with our strategy. . One of our biggest problems was that we kept making mistakes that cost us immensely. Some of those mistakes include: †¢Wrong Growth Rate. We used an excel spreadsheet to determine the forecasts for each segment throughout the entire simulation. However, we did not realize until we were making decisions for round 4 that the formulas were actually entered wrong into the spreadsheet and every segment was being forecasted at the Traditional segment’s growth rate rather than the actual growth rate that corresponded to each segment. Inversion of Specifications. We accidentally inverted the size and performance specifications for the High End segment during round 3. This dramatically reduced our net profit margin for this particular segment (Please see Exhibit 1). Sadly, this was originally one of our best markets and because of this mistake we missed a huge opportunity to increase our profits and perform well as a company. †¢Long Revision Dates. We did not notice until the round 4 processed that the revision date for the High End segment for round 4 was not until 2 years later.Therefore, we were unable to keep the product for this segment competitive for the remainder of the simulation; especially after our setback in round 3. In fact, this mistake dramatically decreased our contribution margin for this segment and even brought our net profit margin for the segment to a deep negative (Please see Exhibits 2 & 1 respectively). Again, we dramatically messed up one of our best selling products and were continually trying to play catch-up from our mistakes with this line; therefore, we missed a huge opportunity to increase our profits.Performance Measures To determine whether or not our company was doing well, we assessed a few areas of the Capstone Courier: 1. Contribution Margin Percentage (Please see Exhibit 3). We looked at this percentage after each round was processed to determine whether or no t it was increasing. If it was not increasing, we knew that our strategy of lowering our costs was not effective for the round in question; alerting us to lower our costs. 2. Contribution Margins (Please see Exhibit 2). We looked at the contribution margins for each segment to concentrate on each individually.Looking at whether or not the segment in question was increasing or decreasing was effective because it showed us which products were costing us the most in variable costs (i. e. materials, labor, etc†¦); showing us which segments we needed to cut costs for. 3. Net Profit (Please see Exhibit 4). This was our first indicator on the courier as to whether or not we did well in the previous round. We started off doing pretty badly but by round 3, we brought our net profits up by about $5,200 from round 1. However, the mistakes mentioned above led to dramatic decrease the following year 4 that put us in an even worse spot than we were after round 1. Luckily, we made strides to overcome those obstacles (discussed below in the Product Line Performance section) which increased our profits the following year by almost $9,500. 4. Net Profit Margins (Please see Exhibit 1). This measure was quite useful in determining how our net profits could be assessed for each segment. This told us the story of which products were profitable, which were most profitable, and which were actually costing us money to sell.Our goal for each round was to have each of the segments positive and turning a profit; which we accomplished in rounds 5 and 6, finally. Product Line Performance Errors We had many issues and made many errors with my particular line (High End – Fist) as mentioned above. During round 3, we inverted the performance and size specifications. In addition, during round 4 we did not realize that our revision date was 2 years away; this meant that my product was unable to be competitive within its segment for 3 rounds and the remaining year was spent catching u p to the competition.Once the mistakes were made, there was nothing we could do to correct our mistake. However, we did try to redirect our focus from staying competitive 100% within the High End segment with Fist, to using this product to be more competitive within the Traditional segment during round 4 while our revision date neared. To do this, we dropped the sell price from $39. 00/unit to $28. 00/unit. We did this for a couple of reasons: 1. Fist lay most closely to the Traditional product on the perceptual map.Therefore, we figured we would make the most of our mistake, which could not be undone, by trying to stay competitive on the edge of both the High and Traditional markets. 2. Luckily, the lowest price within the range for the High End segment was $28. 00/unit and the highest price within the range for the Traditional segment was $28. 00/unit as well. For this reason, we decided to sell Fist during the segments’ crisis at a price that was acceptable for both market s; this was done in hopes of picking up customers from each market since we were well aware that we would not be very competitive during round 4 within the High End segment.Statistics/Performance Below is a table to show that we were steadily climbing in our progress for Fist during the first 2 rounds and then our mistakes made this segment unprofitable during both rounds 3 and 4 (highlighted in grey) and decreased within every statistic (our customer satisfaction dropped due to the product not being competitive in the High End market, our contribution margin percentage dramatically decreased due to fewer sales/revenue, and our market share almost completely disappeared).During rounds 5 and 6, we were slowly climbing our way back to a profitable position for this segment; once we were again able to reposition Fist within the High End market we started to improve. High End Segment (Fist) Statistics Round123456 Revenue$21,615$27,099$17,301$22,253$23,470$32,026 Market Share19%20%11%6%1 2%17% Contribution Margin$7,823$9,624$4,735$4,105$6,698$9,929 Contribution %36%35%27%10%28%31% Net Margin$2,628$3,689($1,403)($1,028)$1,814$4,449 Customer Score242910111815 Functional Area Strategies and Performancelo0Due to my expertise with regards to my educational focus and previous work experience, my functional area was marketing (alongside Ashley Barnes). Unfortunately, we were not well informed about how to maximize our marketing efforts/investments (promotion and sales expenses) for the simulation until round 4. Promotion and Sales We initially remained quite frugal with our promotion and sales budgets to keep our costs low and contribution margins high in order to follow our cost leadership strategy previously.However, by investing larger amounts into sales and promotion within the first two rounds, we would have better followed our strategy. This would have been the case because we would have paid less in expenses in the later rounds since we would’ve only had to i nvest enough to maintain our accessibility and awareness percentages after the initial higher investments; essentially reaping more benefits in the later rounds of our early investments. After we learned of the formulas for producing good customer survey results however, we did quite well in certain segments.For example, we blindly allocated money to our Size segment during the first 3 rounds and slowly climbed our customer survey score. However, once we learned how to use the formulas given in the Capstone Debrief Rubric, we were able to go from a customer survey score of 16 in round 3, to a 50 in round 4, and even higher to a 57 in round 5. The formula we used came from the Capstone Debrief Rubric and stated that in order to get: †¢3 Points – The promotional budget had to lie in between $1. 4M and $2M. The Sales budget had to lie in between $2. 2M and $3M. 2 Points – The promotional budget had to lie in between $1M and $1. 4M or in between $2M and $2. 5M. The Sa les budget had to lie in between $1. 5M and $2. 2M. †¢1 Point – The promotional budget had to lie in between $. 7M and $1M or in between $2. 5M and $3M. The Sales budget had to lie in between $. 7M and $1. 5M. †¢0 Points – The promotional budget had to be lower than $. 7M or higher than $3M. The Sales budget had to be lower than $. 7M or higher than $3M. Once we started to use these formulas, we were able to allocate the right amount of funding to each segment that was appropriate.For example: if a certain segment was projected to lose money by allocating $1. 4M to the promotional budget to get the full 3 points, we would cut the budget to about $1M and still be able to get 2 points without jeopardizing our contribution margin. This is proven in the Capstone Debrief Rubric; we were allocated 3 points to our higher performing segments (Traditional, Low, and High) for rounds 4, 5, and 6 but were only granted 2 points for our lower performing segments (Performan ce and Size).In addition, we always strived to keep our size and performance specifications at exactly the current buying criteria plus the drift rates outlined on page 2 of the Industry Conditions Report. This would keep the product at what the customer expected so that they were receiving what they were asking for. Customer Buying Criteria We made it a priority to keep our prices as high as we could in each segment without disappointing our customers; this was our way of aligning our marketing strategies with our overall company strategy of cost leadership.We noted what criteria were most important to the customer to determine if we could increase our prices for each product. For example: Price was the least important buying criteria within the Size segment; meaning that these customers were not as sensitive to price changes/increases. Therefore, we were able to charge closer to the high price for the Size segment product (Fume) because this increase would not really affect the ma rket buying decisions for the Size segment; much unlike the Low End segment